Cracking takes more computation power and time, but less storage. This is the classic "time/memory trade-off" concept. If a matching hash is not already present in the rainbow table, the plaintext cannot be discovered with that table. Rainbow tables compare a given hash to a large (but finite) list of precomputed hashes. If no candidate plaintext produces a match, then the original plaintext has not been discovered and the hash has not been "cracked". Password-cracking software like JtR dynamically performs hashing of large lists of candidate plaintexts until a plaintext is found that produces a hash that matches the target hash. ![]() They solve the same problem, but in opposite directions:
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